Egyptian Pharaoh Apries (also known as Hophra)
Nebuchadnezzar’s forces were diverted when the Babylonians went to deal with the Egyptian army that was sent to help Judah by Pharaoh Apries.
Jeremiah writes:
The army of Pharaoh had set out from Egypt; and when the Chaldeans who were besieging Jerusalem heard the report, they raised the siege of Jerusalem.
Two steles of Pharaoh Apries have been found in northeastern Egypt.
Overview
A stele of Egyptian Pharaoh Apries (reign 589–570 BCE) was found in 2011 at Tell Defenneh. Dating to the seventh year of the pharaoh's reign, 582 BCE, the stele reports that Egyptian forces marched east to confront Nebuchadnezzar's army. In 2021, an Egyptian farmer near the city of Ismailia discovered another Apries stele that appears to bear the same inscription.
Jeremiah writes about the Pharaoh coming to the aid of Jerusalem, however, ultimately, after the withdrawal of the Egyptian army, the Babylonians would return to attack Jerusalem.
In the Bible
The army of Pharaoh (Apries) had set out from Egypt; and when the Chaldeans who were besieging Jerusalem heard the report, they raised the siege of Jerusalem.
וְחֵ֥יל פַּרְעֹ֖ה יָצָ֣א מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וַיִּשְׁמְע֨וּ הַכַּשְׂדִּ֜ים הַצָּרִ֤ים עַל־יְרֽוּשָׁלִַ֨ם֙ אֶת־שִׁמְעָ֔ם וַיֵּ֣עָל֔וּ מֵעַ֖ל יְרֽוּשָׁלִָֽם."
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